Teaching students who are Dyslexic

Although many students struggle with math, it can be even more challenging for students who are dyslexic. Most people associate poor reading and writing skills with dyslexia, and recognize the traditional symptoms of switching or writing letters backwards. However, many people are surprised to learn that often dyslexic students experience difficulties in learning mathematics due to poor sequencing skills and issues related to short term memory required for tasks such as multiplication. At the most basic level many dyslexic students know very few addition and subtraction facts by memorization, and almost exclusively rely on special counting procedures (counting forwards and backwards) to work out simple addition and subtraction problems. Often, dyslexic students do not naturally use the facts they do know to solve related unknown problems, and will frequently make mistakes when executing counting. These students may also struggle with perceiving patterns in the number system and counting arrays of numbers accurately. Due to the working memory demands of long sequences of double counting, many dyslexic students fail to link the initial problem with the ultimate outcome, and consequently fail to store the fact into long-term memory. This means that on subsequent occasions the same fact will be interpreted as yet another instruction to count.

A website dedicated to supporting dyslexic children can be found at www.dyslexia-teacher.com

Teacher guidelines for making it easier for dyslexic children to go home with accurate notes of their homework have been extracted from the above website [Rieger, B., 2009] and included below. These guidelines provide practical ways to assist a dyslexic student in the classroom

• Put daily assignments on the morning board. Some dyslexic students seem to function better in the mornings. They might not have a problem transcribing from the board when school first begins. (There also might be less on the board at the beginning of the day.)
• Try to keep the board clear from several days work and only do one day at a time. The extra clutter seems to be very distracting and frustrating. It is hard to distinguish Yesterdays work, from tomorrow or todays.
• Leave the assignments on the board for the entire day. This not only prepares the students for the day, but also allows adequate time for copying from the board. Dyslexic students like being informed ahead of time about what will be expected of them. This would be an excellent way for the student boy to know the day’s agenda.
• Write in block letters and larger.
• Use short assignment terms and always the same terms.
• Position the assignments in the same place on the board everyday. This will help the dyslexic students feel confident that they are copying the right thing down.
• Asking to see all the students’ assignment sheets before they leave for the day would be a way of checking to make sure it was copied correct. Students could pull the assignment out and lay it on their desk. You wouldn't be asking only the dyslexic student to do this, but at the same time you would be able to check the work.

Rieger, B. (2009). Giving Homework. Retrieved from Dyslexia Teacher September 18, 2009, from http://www.dyslexia-teacher.com/t63.html

Virtual Learning

Since virtual learning is relatively new, its real impact to students' education is still being evaluated. However, that being said, it is an interesting option for students and families that may have unique social situations or limited access to high quality educational classes due to demographics. But in light of recent events, both my own father's recent illness and that of a U of M Professor, I have become aware of a target group, children with longer term illnesses, often not included in educational assessments. Perhaps virtual classrooms may help bridge the gap for this unique target group. Children with chronic illnesses often fall behind in school due to numerous medical appointments, limited options for socializing and transportation related concerns. For these students, virtual or on line classes may offer a more flexible alternative for learning. Eliminating the need to be transported to school, ability to learn at non traditional times (e.g. evening or late hours), and minimized exposure to germs and foreign elements are just some of the benefits. Below is a video (see bottom for credits listed) describing some of the benefits and limitations to virtual classrooms. What do you think? Please send me your opinion or comments.

The Virtual Classroom: Online Learning
http://www.edutopia.org/online-learning-video
© 2005
The George Lucas Educational Foundation
All rights reserved.
NOTE: Permission for video usage in process



Release Date: 3/23/2005
Running Time: 11 min.
Video Credits
Produced, Written, and Directed by
Ken Ellis
Associate Producers:
Roberta Furger
Miwa Yokoyama
Editors:
Blair Gershkow
Karen Sutherland
Camera Crew:
Charlie Collias
Ken Ellis
Michael Mulvey
Jeremy Settles
Velocity Films
Rob Weller
Miwa Yokoyama
Narrators:
Susan Blake
Kris Welch
© 2005
The George Lucas Educational Foundation
All rights reserved.

Check out this Blog - Math is Wonderful

For all of you who just love math, I encourage you to check out the "Math is Wonderful" Blog at
http://math-blog.com/2009/07/27/two-beautiful-mathematical-documentaries/

This blog contains a lot of great resources and recommendations, and is rated among the top Math blogs. I've highlighted some of the items I found particularly interesting below:

(1) Book reviews on various math books. Check out the latest review on “Mathematicians: An Outer View of the Inner World” By Antonio Cangiano

(2) Documentaries on Mathematicians. “Fermat’s Last Theorem” and “Dangerous Knowledge”. Per the authors of this blog, both of these documentaries take a popular science style approach to describing compelling and emotional stories about great mathematicians.

(3) There is also a link to 13 Useful Math Cheat Sheets, and numerous other links and categories.

I hope you find this as informative as I did.

Learning Outside the Classroom

There are many theories regarding the process of learning. Information-Processing Theory, Cognitive Constructivism, and Situated Cognition are just a few of them. One theory of particular interest is Social Constructivism. Social Constructivism is a theory which emphasizes how thinking and learning are dependent on social interactions and can be reflective of cultural values. In this context, I would like to identify social settings which provide an opportunity for students to relate academic concepts taught in the classroom to real life applications in the local community.

Below please find some great opportunities for those students interested in Math and Science.

(1) US For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) provides robotic competitions across the United States. Students have an opportunity to build upon their science foundation, by designing, building and competing with robots. Check out their mission statement and link below.

FIRST Mission
Our mission is to inspire young people to be science and technology leaders, by engaging them in exciting mentor-based programs that build science, engineering and technology skills, that inspire innovation, and that foster well-rounded life capabilities including self-confidence, communication, and leadership.

http://www.usfirst.org/community/frc/default.aspx?id=966


(2)Science Olympiad in Ann Arbor, Michigan
http://aaopen.a2schools.org/aaopen.home/science_olympiad_2009


(3) The WWW Virtual Library:Science Fairs
http://physics.usc.edu/ScienceFairs/

(4) Women in Science and Engineering (WISE)
http://www.wise.umich.edu/programs/k12/


If you are aware of a social setting that would provide a safe environment for students to explore and apply what they learn (for any subject matter), or have any other related comments, please submit a posting.

Learning on the Run

"Can you imagine a school without desks? A school where children are moving as part of their lessons? And most importantly, they are smiling and healthy?" asks Mayo Clinic obesity researcher James Levine, M.D., Ph.D. If so, you have imagined the latest anti-obesity concept-project from Mayo Clinic — the classroom of the future. [1]

James Levine is proposing new innovative concepts (listed below) which can be integrated into the non-traditional classroom. Some of these ideas have the potential to reduce obesity while allowing learning to be fun. Please tell me what you think about some of these concepts?

1) Video-streamed "pod-casting" as a teaching aid
2) "Learn 'n Move" bays — a step beyond traditional learning stations
3) Wireless technology
4) Personalized laptop computers
5) Vertical magnetic work spaces that double as projection screens
6) Innovative telemetry that collects data for scientific comparison
7) Personalized white boards (instead of one large blackboard for a room)
8) "Standing" desks — where the children will stand and work, rather than sit

Check out the entire article at
http://www.mayoclinic.org/news2006-rst/3278.html

[1] (Tuesday, March 14, 2006).Mayo Clinic Obesity Researchers Test "Classroom of the Future. Mayo Clinic News Releases, Copyright ©2001-2009 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. All Rights Reserved.